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Determinants of disability pensions in Croatia: the role of institutions
Marijana Bađun* 
Article | Year: 2017 | Pages: 109 - 128 | Volume: 41 | Issue: 1 Received: October 19, 2016 | Accepted: December 15, 2016 | Published online: March 10, 2017
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FULL ARTICLE
FIGURES & DATA
REFERENCES
CROSSMARK POLICY
METRICS
LICENCING
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Note: In HZMO publications data for the Croatian Army and defenders before 2003 are not available, and HVO pensions have been awarded since 2008. Source: HZMO.
Source: HZMO, authorʼs calculations.
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Diagnoses
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Number of persons
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Skeleto-muscular disorders
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57,594
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Affective
disorders*
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22,899
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Neurotic,
stress-related and somatoform disorders*
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20,209
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Hypertensive
diseases
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13,977
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Arthropathies
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13,287
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Schizophrenia,
schizotypal and delusional disorders*
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8,337
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Cerebrovascular diseases
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7,329
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Organic
mental disorders*
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6,870
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Diabetes mellitus
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6,240
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Mental
disorders due to use of psychoactive substances*
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5,095
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* Mental illnesses and disorders. Source: HZJZ (2016a).
 Source: HZMO and author’s calculations.
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Kinds of impairment
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%
of total disabled persons*
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Prevalence/10,000
inhabitants
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Impairment of the locomotor system
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29.5
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351
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Mental disorders
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25.2
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301
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Impairment of other organs
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23.1
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275
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Impairment of the central nervous system
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18.2
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217
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Intellectual difficulties
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4.8
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57
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Learning disabilities
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4,4
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53
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Impairment of sight
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3.4
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41
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Impairment of hearing
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2.6
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31
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Impairment of the peripheral nervous system
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2.4
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29
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Congenital anomalies and chromosopathies
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2
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24
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Pervasive developmental disorders
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0.4
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4
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Multiple impairments
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29.5
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352
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Source: HZJZ (2016a).
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Organism
impairment percentage (%)
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Proportion of total
number of veterans with disabilities (%)
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Proportion of
beneficiaries who claim disability rights via HZMO (in %)a
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100
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1.4
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8.9
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90
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0.7
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0.4
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80
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1.5
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0.7
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70
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2.5
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37.1
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60
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4.6
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2.8
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50
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7.8
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5.1
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40
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17.4
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15.3
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30
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25.3
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29.7
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20
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38.8
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0.0
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Total
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100.0
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100.0
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Source: HZJZ (2016a).
Figure 1Disability pension beneficiaries (in thousands) DISPLAY Figure
Figure 2New beneficiaries of disability pensions according to the Pension Insurance Act – ZOMO (in thousands) DISPLAY Figure
Figure 3Proportions of individual categories in the total number of pensions beneficiaries according to the Pension Insurance Act – ZOMO (in %) DISPLAY Figure
Table 1Most common diagnoses of the causes of disability of persons who claim their disability rights via HZMO in 2016 DISPLAY Table
Figure 4Share of people receiving disability pensions in total population by counties (%, in 2014) DISPLAY Figure
Figure 5Accidents at work (in thousands) and incidence rate of accidents at work per 100,000 active insured persons in Croatia (in thousands) DISPLAY Figure
Table 2Presentation of the kinds of impairment that lead to disability or as comorbidity diagnoses contribute to the degree of functional impairment of the organism (2015) DISPLAY Table
Table 3Percentage of impairment of the organism in defenders with disabilities and claimants of disability rights via the HZMO (in %) DISPLAY Table
* The author would like to thank Ljiljana Marušić (Croatian Pension Insurance Institute) for helpful comments during research and Gordana Živec Šašić (Croatian Pension Insurance Institute) for providing data. The author is also grateful to participants of roundtables organized by the Institute of Public Finance and Banka magazine within the project “Pension System Analysis” and participants of the Public Sector Economics Conference. Finally, many thanks go to the two anonymous referees for useful comments and suggestions.
A previous version of this paper was presented at the conference Public Sector Economics organized by the Institute of Public Finance and the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung in Zagreb on October 14-15, 2016.
1 Transformation of disability pensions into old-age pensions is not uncommon. This is also the case in, for example, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Poland, Spain and Sweden.
2 According to this Law, a Croatian wartime military disabled person from the Homeland War is defined as a Croatian defender whose organism is at least 20% impaired because of a wound or injury obtained defending the sovereignty of the Republic of Croatia, or as a prisoner in prison or enemy camp. It is considered that the impairment of the organism of a captive in an enemy camp is at least 20% permanent. A HRVI (Croatian wartime military disabled) is a Croatian defender whose organism is at least 20% impaired because of illness, and the illness, or deterioration of the illness or the occurrence of the illness is an immediate consequence of involvement in the defence of the sovereignty of the Republic of Croatia in the Homeland War. HRVI rights can also be claimed by a person (medical personnel, war reporters, members of fire-fighting units, sailors, crew members of ships of the merchant marine and other persons) whose organism is at least 20% impaired because of a wound or injury obtained in the performance of military or other duties at the order of the competent bodies of government of the Republic of Croatia in the defence of the sovereignty of the Republic of Croatia in the Homeland War or as a captive in an enemy camp in the Homeland War.
3 People in the HRVI category claim their disability pensions according to ZOPHBDR. In the calculation of their pension, the general pension formula is used, but the points used depend on the basis for rank and establishment post, a special initial factor is stipulated, and personal points are enlarged by 45%, while a contributions record of 40 years is assumed.
4 According to the Law concerning the Croatian Disabilities Registry, disability is a permanent limitation, reduction or loss of capacity (deriving from impaired health) to perform some physical activity or psychic function appropriate to the age of the person and that relates to capacities, in the form of complex activities and conduct universally accepted as essential components of everyday life.
5 Alongside, he had to give government EUR 79,000 in cash and one of his apartments worth around EUR 200,000. He got out of prison after 1.5 years.
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March, 2017
I/2017
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