How to prolong labour market participation in the Republic of Croatia?
https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.43.1.6 Graph 1
Labour force participation rate by the age groups, 2016 Graph 2
Changes (increase/reduction) in the number of percentage points in the labour force participation rates from 2002 to 2016 for age groups 45 to 59 and 60 to 74 Graph 3
Labour force participation rates and mortality rates, men, 1971, 2015 Table 1
Possible extra work capacity, men in 2015 as against 1971
Source: as in Graph 3, authors’ calculation Graph 4
Employment and mortality rates, men, 2002 and 2015 Graph 5
Changes in the retirement age and the number of pensioners in Croatia (including old-age, disability and survivors’ pensions) Note: because of the difference of conditions in retirement, it is hard to draw an exact parallel between the regulations in different periods. The graph approximately shows the years of qualifying periods needed for retirement, but they differ. For example, in the 1947 to 1950 period, for a retirement age of 65 for men and 60 for women, the requirement was 25 years of qualifying periods, and the retirement age of 55 related to qualifying period for full pension, while there were different requirements for hard and very hard jobs. Another example is the 1965 to 1998 period, when with 20 years of qualifying period it was possible to retire at 60 (men) and 55 (women) and so on. Source: HZMO, 2002; Statistics of HZMO. Graph 6
Share of pensioners in total number of respondents, in age groups Note: in 2016 the retirement age in Croatia, for an old age pension was 65 for men and 61.5 for women, and for early retirement 60 (35 years of qualifying periods) for men and 56.6 (31.5 years of qualifying periods) for women. For a comparison, the retirement age in 2016 was in some countries the same as in the Republic of Croatia (65), more specifically, in Austria (60 for women), Denmark and Slovenia; in Estonia, somewhat lower (63) and in others higher: Germany (65, 42), Italy (66, 58 and 65, 58 for women), Portugal (66, 17), Greece (67 and 62 for women), Israel (70 and 68 for women). The age of early retirement was in most countries higher than in the Republic of Croatia: Austria (64 and 59 for women), Germany (63), Italy (63), in Estonia (60) and in Slovenia 59, 33 and 59 for women. Other countries have no early retirement age, or only for specific groups, information is not available, or the pension is awarded at any age if certain qualifying conditions are met; in Sweden, retirement age is flexible (ISSA, 2017a, 2017b). Source: SHARE research. Graph 7
Shares of people stating that they are pensioners and yet still worked in the private or public sector or were self-employed, by age groups Graph 8
The share of self-employed and part-time employed in the 55 to 64 age group in 2015 Graph 9
Population structures in % of 55 to 64 age group according to educational levels, 2016 Graph 10
Participation in LLL of the age groups from 50 to 60 and from 61 on Table 2
Summary of statistics
Table 3
Results of model of logistic regression on employment (1-yes, 0-no)
Notes: 95% confidence intervals (CI); ***p<0.001; **p<0.01; *p<0.05 Source: SHARE data, version 6.0.0, authors’ calculation in Stata 14.2 Graph A1
Simple linear regression of trends in the rate of unemployed young in the 25 to 29 age group and of employed older workers from 55 to 64, from 2002 to 2016
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March, 2019 I/2019 |
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